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03-10-2014, 06:29 AM
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#1
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Member
Join Date: Mar 2014
Posts: 62
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Exhaust aftertreatment system
I was reading in my owners manual this morning about this particular system. Could someone explain to me what a diesel particulate filter is? Is this a filter that Can be changed or can it be serviced?
P
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03-10-2014, 07:47 PM
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#3
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Senior Member
Winnebago Owners Club
Join Date: Mar 2012
Location: Harrisburg, PA
Posts: 211
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It simply removes the 'dirt', typical of any diesel engine. It is similar to a catalytic converter on a gas powered vehicle. The diesel version uses DEF (diesel exhaust fluid) to burn or clean the filter. No service is needed under normal use. If you have the chance, attend the classes at Camp Freightliner in Gaffney, SC.
__________________
Bob & Deb K.
2012 Itasca Ellipse QD 'Elli' 'COZY INN'
2018 GMC Acadia Denali 'Ginny'
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03-11-2014, 01:58 PM
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#4
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Senior Member
Commercial Member
Join Date: Feb 2014
Location: Kent, WA
Posts: 127
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Hi
We're Five Star DEF, and are an industry supporter of IRV2. I'd like to provide an expanded answer to rufusfruge's question about Clean Diesel exhaust after treatment. It is long and somewhat technical.
The Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) is one element or your vehicle's emission control system, required to meet EPA2010 standards. Along with a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) unit, the DPF reduces diesel exhaust emissions of soot (black particulates), NOx (oxides of nitrogen) and unburned fuel/carbon monoxide (unburned hydrocarbons/CO) to less than 1% of that produced by untreated diesel engines built prior to 1990. This is AMAZING technology and will help keep diesel vehicles on the road for decades to come.
These 3 exhaust after treatment elements are arranged in line in the vehicles exhaust after the turbocharger as follows: DOC, then DPF, then SCR, and I'll now explain what each one does:
DOC: Catalyst module incorporating exotic metals (palladium and platinum) in a non-metallic matrix (ceramic). This device is somewhat similar to catalytic converters added to gasoline engine powered cars in the 1970s. No maintenance is required and should last for the life of the vehicle.
DPF: A filter that captures soot and particulate matter (carbon particles) that result from rich conditions in the engine (high load). Usually all metal with fine openings also called channels or cells. Pressure sensors measuring back pressure are used to determine when the DPF needs to be "cleaned" (regenerated). On most vehicles continuous regeneration is accomplished passively by maintaining elevated exhaust temperature and oxygen content during cruise conditions. When active regeneration is needed, a small amount of fuel is "afterburned" in the exhaust to elevate the exhaust temperature further and increase the combustion of soot in the DPF. The vehicle DPF should also last for the life of the vehicle, although certain UNUSAL conditions for long periods that create a high soot load may cause issues that require maintenance (cleaning) of the DPF by a dealer or other service provider.
SCR: The final element in your Clean Diesel exhaust after treatment system is the Selective Catalytic Reaction unit. This device uses a catalyst in conjunction with ammonia to "reduce" (the opposite of oxidation) oxides of Nitrogen to H20 (water), C02 (carbon dioxide) and N2 (nitrogen). Ammonia is produced upstream of the SCR unit by injecting "aqueous urea solution" also called Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) into the exhaust where it "hydrolyzes" (decomposes) into Ammonia. The catalyst is usually a precious metal oxide (tungsten, vanadium, etc.) applied to a ceramic matrix. SCR was invented in the good old USA in the late 1950s and perfected in the late 1970s and is commonly used in natural gas, coal, or fuel oil power plants worldwide to reduce NOx to negligible levels. Trains use it. Marine Vessels use it. Farm equipment uses it. Soon (2017) every new diesel engine made in North America and most of the rest of the world will have SCR.
SCR is one reason why we have reasonably clean air to breathe in North America.
DEF is a consumable on all Clean Diesel vehicles, and must be replenished. Usage varies, but expect 500-1500 MPG of DEF depending on a variety of conditions. No scheduled maintenance of the SCR is required, other than replacement of the filter if required. And YES, your vehicle MUST have DEF to operate.
There are a myriad of pumps, sensors, wires, plumbing, heaters, level sensors, computer chips and other items added to these to make a Clean Diesel CLEAN. As you might expect, this system is quite complicated and manufacturers have had some problems in the field that have been, and are still, being addressed. I'm un-political on this subject, so I'm not going to go into whether all this is needed or whether it is right. All I can say is my 2013 F350 is unbelievably quiet, emits no odor or color, and gets over 14 MPG loaded down with a 5000 lb. Artic Fox Camper. I never thought I'd own a diesel powered vehicle until I test drove a Clean Diesel.
As always, please consider us a resource for questions on Diesel Exhaust Fluid and other Clean Diesel questions.
Thanks!
Erich
__________________
Erich Weinberg and Kathryn Whiting Five Star DEF
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03-11-2014, 02:05 PM
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#5
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Senior Member
Join Date: Jul 2012
Location: Fulltime, USA
Posts: 16,706
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DPF is used in non-DEF rigs also.
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03-11-2014, 03:42 PM
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#6
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Senior Member
Commercial Member
Join Date: Feb 2014
Location: Kent, WA
Posts: 127
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CampDaven is correct. EPA2007 Diesel regulations resulted in DOC and DPF and cooled EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) on most on-road diesels. DOC is often integrated into the muffler. DOC was used even earlier than 2007 on many on and off road vehicles as an inexpensive and simple way to reduce unburned hydrocarbons in diesel exhaust.
Reduction of emissions from ALL diesel engine exhaust has been implemented progressively since 1988. New rules were often introduced before solutions were available, so there is a LOT of variety under the hood of diesel powered vehicles of all sizes from small car to huge mining equipment and locomotives/ships.
The complexity of rules, vehicle classifications, and other factors is mind boggling and hard to keep track of.
Erich
__________________
Erich Weinberg and Kathryn Whiting Five Star DEF
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03-13-2014, 12:22 AM
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#7
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"Formerly Diplomat Don"
Newmar Owners Club
Join Date: Apr 2005
Location: Moorpark, Ca.
Posts: 23,914
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FiveStarDEF.....Thanks for the info....good read.
__________________
Don & Mary
2019 Newmar Dutch Star 4018 (Freightliner)
2019 Ford Raptor
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03-16-2014, 02:51 PM
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#8
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Senior Member
Monaco Owners Club
Join Date: Feb 2014
Location: Oshawa
Posts: 292
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FiveStarDEF; Seldom do I see such an informative post on a forum. Thanks for clearing up a number of questions I had, even after studying the subject for a while.
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03-18-2014, 12:01 AM
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#9
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Senior Member
Commercial Member
Join Date: Feb 2014
Location: Kent, WA
Posts: 127
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FixerCQI:
Thanks for the positive feedback. We're quite new at forum participation and trying to share what we have learned on our "semi-retirement" journey. I can't begin to describe my surprise when I test drove all the model year 2013 diesel 1 ton DRW 4X4 Crew Cab pickups. Credit is due to the manufacturers of these trucks, and the engine companies that build engines for DP RVs. Meeting EPA 2010 protocols in less than 3 years was an amazing challenge. YES, there are still issues, but perfection is always elusive. Five Star DEF is committed to providing technical information on this subject to the RV community (in an interesting and readable form we hope) and developing products that make RV'ers experience with Clean Diesels in general (and DEF in particular) as positive as possible.
Erich
__________________
Erich Weinberg and Kathryn Whiting Five Star DEF
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03-23-2014, 09:13 PM
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#10
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Senior Member
Join Date: Feb 2010
Posts: 803
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Now I am confused. My engine was built 9 December 2006. I know I do not use DEF but do I have the PDF. I cannot find that answer in any manuals I have. Sure glad I am going to Gaffney 12/13 May.
__________________
2008 Thor, Four Winds Mandalay 40G. Cummins 400 isl. Freightliner chassis
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03-23-2014, 11:36 PM
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#11
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Senior Member
Commercial Member
Join Date: Feb 2014
Location: Kent, WA
Posts: 127
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koda59:
Diesel Particulate Filters were added to diesel engine exhaust systems to meet 2007 EPA protocols. Some manufacturers implemented them sooner than this. The best way to tell if your vehicle has DPF is if your vehicle manual says it does. Otherwise, if your vehicle information system has an indicator when active regeneration is occurring, then you have a DPF as part of the emission control system. All on-road diesels sold in the US have a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst, DOC, often integral to the muffler since 2003 or earlier. This device is transparent to the driver since it's operation is completely passive.
As always, feel free to ask us questions about your clean diesel powered vehicle and we'll try to provide an answer for you.
Erich
__________________
Erich Weinberg and Kathryn Whiting Five Star DEF
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03-24-2014, 06:05 AM
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#12
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Senior Member
Join Date: Mar 2008
Location: Front Royal, Va.
Posts: 391
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Erich,
Thanks for the great info.
__________________
Shawn M.
2011 Fleetwood Expedition
2014 Chevy Traverse
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03-24-2014, 12:54 PM
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#13
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Senior Member
Join Date: Feb 2010
Posts: 803
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Erich
Thank you for the info.
__________________
2008 Thor, Four Winds Mandalay 40G. Cummins 400 isl. Freightliner chassis
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03-25-2014, 05:44 AM
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#14
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Senior Member
Newmar Owners Club
Join Date: Oct 2009
Location: Placitas, NM
Posts: 149
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Quote:
Originally Posted by FiveStarDEF
Hi We're Five Star DEF, and are an industry supporter of IRV2. I'd like to provide an expanded answer to rufusfruge's question about Clean Diesel exhaust after treatment. It is long and somewhat technical. The Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) is one element or your vehicle's emission control system, required to meet EPA2010 standards. Along with a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) unit, the DPF reduces diesel exhaust emissions of soot (black particulates), NOx (oxides of nitrogen) and unburned fuel/carbon monoxide (unburned hydrocarbons/CO) to less than 1% of that produced by untreated diesel engines built prior to 1990. This is AMAZING technology and will help keep diesel vehicles on the road for decades to come. These 3 exhaust after treatment elements are arranged in line in the vehicles exhaust after the turbocharger as follows: DOC, then DPF, then SCR, and I'll now explain what each one does: DOC: Catalyst module incorporating exotic metals (palladium and platinum) in a non-metallic matrix (ceramic). This device is somewhat similar to catalytic converters added to gasoline engine powered cars in the 1970s. No maintenance is required and should last for the life of the vehicle. DPF: A filter that captures soot and particulate matter (carbon particles) that result from rich conditions in the engine (high load). Usually all metal with fine openings also called channels or cells. Pressure sensors measuring back pressure are used to determine when the DPF needs to be "cleaned" (regenerated). On most vehicles continuous regeneration is accomplished passively by maintaining elevated exhaust temperature and oxygen content during cruise conditions. When active regeneration is needed, a small amount of fuel is "afterburned" in the exhaust to elevate the exhaust temperature further and increase the combustion of soot in the DPF. The vehicle DPF should also last for the life of the vehicle, although certain UNUSAL conditions for long periods that create a high soot load may cause issues that require maintenance (cleaning) of the DPF by a dealer or other service provider. SCR: The final element in your Clean Diesel exhaust after treatment system is the Selective Catalytic Reaction unit. This device uses a catalyst in conjunction with ammonia to "reduce" (the opposite of oxidation) oxides of Nitrogen to H20 (water), C02 (carbon dioxide) and N2 (nitrogen). Ammonia is produced upstream of the SCR unit by injecting "aqueous urea solution" also called Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) into the exhaust where it "hydrolyzes" (decomposes) into Ammonia. The catalyst is usually a precious metal oxide (tungsten, vanadium, etc.) applied to a ceramic matrix. SCR was invented in the good old USA in the late 1950s and perfected in the late 1970s and is commonly used in natural gas, coal, or fuel oil power plants worldwide to reduce NOx to negligible levels. Trains use it. Marine Vessels use it. Farm equipment uses it. Soon (2017) every new diesel engine made in North America and most of the rest of the world will have SCR. SCR is one reason why we have reasonably clean air to breathe in North America. DEF is a consumable on all Clean Diesel vehicles, and must be replenished. Usage varies, but expect 500-1500 MPG of DEF depending on a variety of conditions. No scheduled maintenance of the SCR is required, other than replacement of the filter if required. And YES, your vehicle MUST have DEF to operate. There are a myriad of pumps, sensors, wires, plumbing, heaters, level sensors, computer chips and other items added to these to make a Clean Diesel CLEAN. As you might expect, this system is quite complicated and manufacturers have had some problems in the field that have been, and are still, being addressed. I'm un-political on this subject, so I'm not going to go into whether all this is needed or whether it is right. All I can say is my 2013 F350 is unbelievably quiet, emits no odor or color, and gets over 14 MPG loaded down with a 5000 lb. Artic Fox Camper. I never thought I'd own a diesel powered vehicle until I test drove a Clean Diesel. As always, please consider us a resource for questions on Diesel Exhaust Fluid and other Clean Diesel questions. Thanks! Erich
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I am so glad I ran across your posts. Everyone should read it if they have no knowledge about DEF.
Thank you, "FiveStarDEF"
__________________
JoMar (Joe & Mary Ann)
2014 Mountain Aire (4369), 450HP DP
towing 2010 Dodge Laramie Ram Pickup 1500 Crew Cab w/Blue Ox Tow Bar
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