Most automotive HVAC systems are required to default on the defrost vents setting. That might explain why it only works on defrost. Many HVAC systems are vacuum operated, so not sure why you'd blow the fuse unless it's an electric operated flap system. Evans Tempcon supplies many of the dash HVAC systems, you might look at these photos of control panels and see if any look like yours.
Evans Tempcon, Inc - Service Parts
You may have to remove the panel to see if it's identified on the back.